diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/x86')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/x86/boot.txt | 122 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt | 49 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt | 9 |
4 files changed, 163 insertions, 25 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/x86/boot.txt b/Documentation/x86/boot.txt index e0203662f9e..8da3a795083 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/boot.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/boot.txt @@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ Protocol 2.08: (Kernel 2.6.26) Added crc32 checksum and ELF format Protocol 2.09: (Kernel 2.6.26) Added a field of 64-bit physical pointer to single linked list of struct setup_data. +Protocol 2.10: (Kernel 2.6.31) Added a protocol for relaxed alignment + beyond the kernel_alignment added, new init_size and + pref_address fields. Added extended boot loader IDs. + **** MEMORY LAYOUT The traditional memory map for the kernel loader, used for Image or @@ -168,12 +172,13 @@ Offset Proto Name Meaning 021C/4 2.00+ ramdisk_size initrd size (set by boot loader) 0220/4 2.00+ bootsect_kludge DO NOT USE - for bootsect.S use only 0224/2 2.01+ heap_end_ptr Free memory after setup end -0226/2 N/A pad1 Unused +0226/1 2.02+(3 ext_loader_ver Extended boot loader version +0227/1 2.02+(3 ext_loader_type Extended boot loader ID 0228/4 2.02+ cmd_line_ptr 32-bit pointer to the kernel command line 022C/4 2.03+ ramdisk_max Highest legal initrd address 0230/4 2.05+ kernel_alignment Physical addr alignment required for kernel 0234/1 2.05+ relocatable_kernel Whether kernel is relocatable or not -0235/1 N/A pad2 Unused +0235/1 2.10+ min_alignment Minimum alignment, as a power of two 0236/2 N/A pad3 Unused 0238/4 2.06+ cmdline_size Maximum size of the kernel command line 023C/4 2.07+ hardware_subarch Hardware subarchitecture @@ -182,6 +187,8 @@ Offset Proto Name Meaning 024C/4 2.08+ payload_length Length of kernel payload 0250/8 2.09+ setup_data 64-bit physical pointer to linked list of struct setup_data +0258/8 2.10+ pref_address Preferred loading address +0260/4 2.10+ init_size Linear memory required during initialization (1) For backwards compatibility, if the setup_sects field contains 0, the real value is 4. @@ -190,6 +197,8 @@ Offset Proto Name Meaning field are unusable, which means the size of a bzImage kernel cannot be determined. +(3) Ignored, but safe to set, for boot protocols 2.02-2.09. + If the "HdrS" (0x53726448) magic number is not found at offset 0x202, the boot protocol version is "old". Loading an old kernel, the following parameters should be assumed: @@ -343,18 +352,32 @@ Protocol: 2.00+ 0xTV here, where T is an identifier for the boot loader and V is a version number. Otherwise, enter 0xFF here. + For boot loader IDs above T = 0xD, write T = 0xE to this field and + write the extended ID minus 0x10 to the ext_loader_type field. + Similarly, the ext_loader_ver field can be used to provide more than + four bits for the bootloader version. + + For example, for T = 0x15, V = 0x234, write: + + type_of_loader <- 0xE4 + ext_loader_type <- 0x05 + ext_loader_ver <- 0x23 + Assigned boot loader ids: 0 LILO (0x00 reserved for pre-2.00 bootloader) 1 Loadlin 2 bootsect-loader (0x20, all other values reserved) - 3 SYSLINUX - 4 EtherBoot + 3 Syslinux + 4 Etherboot/gPXE 5 ELILO 7 GRUB - 8 U-BOOT + 8 U-Boot 9 Xen A Gujin B Qemu + C Arcturus Networks uCbootloader + E Extended (see ext_loader_type) + F Special (0xFF = undefined) Please contact <hpa@zytor.com> if you need a bootloader ID value assigned. @@ -453,6 +476,35 @@ Protocol: 2.01+ Set this field to the offset (from the beginning of the real-mode code) of the end of the setup stack/heap, minus 0x0200. +Field name: ext_loader_ver +Type: write (optional) +Offset/size: 0x226/1 +Protocol: 2.02+ + + This field is used as an extension of the version number in the + type_of_loader field. The total version number is considered to be + (type_of_loader & 0x0f) + (ext_loader_ver << 4). + + The use of this field is boot loader specific. If not written, it + is zero. + + Kernels prior to 2.6.31 did not recognize this field, but it is safe + to write for protocol version 2.02 or higher. + +Field name: ext_loader_type +Type: write (obligatory if (type_of_loader & 0xf0) == 0xe0) +Offset/size: 0x227/1 +Protocol: 2.02+ + + This field is used as an extension of the type number in + type_of_loader field. If the type in type_of_loader is 0xE, then + the actual type is (ext_loader_type + 0x10). + + This field is ignored if the type in type_of_loader is not 0xE. + + Kernels prior to 2.6.31 did not recognize this field, but it is safe + to write for protocol version 2.02 or higher. + Field name: cmd_line_ptr Type: write (obligatory) Offset/size: 0x228/4 @@ -482,11 +534,19 @@ Protocol: 2.03+ 0x37FFFFFF, you can start your ramdisk at 0x37FE0000.) Field name: kernel_alignment -Type: read (reloc) +Type: read/modify (reloc) Offset/size: 0x230/4 -Protocol: 2.05+ +Protocol: 2.05+ (read), 2.10+ (modify) + + Alignment unit required by the kernel (if relocatable_kernel is + true.) A relocatable kernel that is loaded at an alignment + incompatible with the value in this field will be realigned during + kernel initialization. - Alignment unit required by the kernel (if relocatable_kernel is true.) + Starting with protocol version 2.10, this reflects the kernel + alignment preferred for optimal performance; it is possible for the + loader to modify this field to permit a lesser alignment. See the + min_alignment and pref_address field below. Field name: relocatable_kernel Type: read (reloc) @@ -498,6 +558,22 @@ Protocol: 2.05+ After loading, the boot loader must set the code32_start field to point to the loaded code, or to a boot loader hook. +Field name: min_alignment +Type: read (reloc) +Offset/size: 0x235/1 +Protocol: 2.10+ + + This field, if nonzero, indicates as a power of two the minimum + alignment required, as opposed to preferred, by the kernel to boot. + If a boot loader makes use of this field, it should update the + kernel_alignment field with the alignment unit desired; typically: + + kernel_alignment = 1 << min_alignment + + There may be a considerable performance cost with an excessively + misaligned kernel. Therefore, a loader should typically try each + power-of-two alignment from kernel_alignment down to this alignment. + Field name: cmdline_size Type: read Offset/size: 0x238/4 @@ -582,6 +658,36 @@ Protocol: 2.09+ sure to consider the case where the linked list already contains entries. +Field name: pref_address +Type: read (reloc) +Offset/size: 0x258/8 +Protocol: 2.10+ + + This field, if nonzero, represents a preferred load address for the + kernel. A relocating bootloader should attempt to load at this + address if possible. + + A non-relocatable kernel will unconditionally move itself and to run + at this address. + +Field name: init_size +Type: read +Offset/size: 0x25c/4 + + This field indicates the amount of linear contiguous memory starting + at the kernel runtime start address that the kernel needs before it + is capable of examining its memory map. This is not the same thing + as the total amount of memory the kernel needs to boot, but it can + be used by a relocating boot loader to help select a safe load + address for the kernel. + + The kernel runtime start address is determined by the following algorithm: + + if (relocatable_kernel) + runtime_start = align_up(load_address, kernel_alignment) + else + runtime_start = pref_address + **** THE IMAGE CHECKSUM diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt index 34c13040a71..29a6ff8bc7d 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt @@ -5,21 +5,51 @@ only the AMD64 specific ones are listed here. Machine check - mce=off disable machine check - mce=bootlog Enable logging of machine checks left over from booting. - Disabled by default on AMD because some BIOS leave bogus ones. - If your BIOS doesn't do that it's a good idea to enable though - to make sure you log even machine check events that result - in a reboot. On Intel systems it is enabled by default. + Please see Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck for sysfs runtime tunables. + + mce=off + Disable machine check + mce=no_cmci + Disable CMCI(Corrected Machine Check Interrupt) that + Intel processor supports. Usually this disablement is + not recommended, but it might be handy if your hardware + is misbehaving. + Note that you'll get more problems without CMCI than with + due to the shared banks, i.e. you might get duplicated + error logs. + mce=dont_log_ce + Don't make logs for corrected errors. All events reported + as corrected are silently cleared by OS. + This option will be useful if you have no interest in any + of corrected errors. + mce=ignore_ce + Disable features for corrected errors, e.g. polling timer + and CMCI. All events reported as corrected are not cleared + by OS and remained in its error banks. + Usually this disablement is not recommended, however if + there is an agent checking/clearing corrected errors + (e.g. BIOS or hardware monitoring applications), conflicting + with OS's error handling, and you cannot deactivate the agent, + then this option will be a help. + mce=bootlog + Enable logging of machine checks left over from booting. + Disabled by default on AMD because some BIOS leave bogus ones. + If your BIOS doesn't do that it's a good idea to enable though + to make sure you log even machine check events that result + in a reboot. On Intel systems it is enabled by default. mce=nobootlog Disable boot machine check logging. - mce=tolerancelevel (number) + mce=tolerancelevel[,monarchtimeout] (number,number) + tolerance levels: 0: always panic on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors 1: panic or SIGBUS on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors 2: SIGBUS or log uncorrected errors, log corrected errors 3: never panic or SIGBUS, log all errors (for testing only) Default is 1 Can be also set using sysfs which is preferable. + monarchtimeout: + Sets the time in us to wait for other CPUs on machine checks. 0 + to disable. nomce (for compatibility with i386): same as mce=off @@ -150,11 +180,6 @@ NUMA Otherwise, the remaining system RAM is allocated to an additional node. - numa=hotadd=percent - Only allow hotadd memory to preallocate page structures upto - percent of already available memory. - numa=hotadd=0 will disable hotadd memory. - ACPI acpi=off Don't enable ACPI diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck index a05e58e7b15..b1fb3027328 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck @@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ check_interval the polling interval. When the poller stops finding MCEs, it triggers an exponential backoff (poll less often) on the polling interval. The check_interval variable is both the initial and - maximum polling interval. + maximum polling interval. 0 means no polling for corrected machine + check errors (but some corrected errors might be still reported + in other ways) tolerant Tolerance level. When a machine check exception occurs for a non @@ -67,6 +69,10 @@ trigger Program to run when a machine check event is detected. This is an alternative to running mcelog regularly from cron and allows to detect events faster. +monarch_timeout + How long to wait for the other CPUs to machine check too on a + exception. 0 to disable waiting for other CPUs. + Unit: us TBD document entries for AMD threshold interrupt configuration diff --git a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt index 29b52b14d0b..d6498e3cd71 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/x86_64/mm.txt @@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ Virtual memory map with 4 level page tables: 0000000000000000 - 00007fffffffffff (=47 bits) user space, different per mm hole caused by [48:63] sign extension ffff800000000000 - ffff80ffffffffff (=40 bits) guard hole -ffff880000000000 - ffffc0ffffffffff (=57 TB) direct mapping of all phys. memory -ffffc10000000000 - ffffc1ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole -ffffc20000000000 - ffffe1ffffffffff (=45 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space -ffffe20000000000 - ffffe2ffffffffff (=40 bits) virtual memory map (1TB) +ffff880000000000 - ffffc7ffffffffff (=64 TB) direct mapping of all phys. memory +ffffc80000000000 - ffffc8ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole +ffffc90000000000 - ffffe8ffffffffff (=45 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space +ffffe90000000000 - ffffe9ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole +ffffea0000000000 - ffffeaffffffffff (=40 bits) virtual memory map (1TB) ... unused hole ... ffffffff80000000 - ffffffffa0000000 (=512 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0 ffffffffa0000000 - fffffffffff00000 (=1536 MB) module mapping space |