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diff --git a/fs/cifs/README b/fs/cifs/README new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0f20edc935b --- /dev/null +++ b/fs/cifs/README @@ -0,0 +1,475 @@ +The CIFS VFS support for Linux supports many advanced network filesystem +features such as heirarchical dfs like namespace, hardlinks, locking and more. +It was designed to comply with the SNIA CIFS Technical Reference (which +supersedes the 1992 X/Open SMB Standard) as well as to perform best practice +practical interoperability with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Samba and equivalent +servers. + +For questions or bug reports please contact: + sfrench@samba.org (sfrench@us.ibm.com) + +Build instructions: +================== +For Linux 2.4: +1) Get the kernel source (e.g.from http://www.kernel.org) +and download the cifs vfs source (see the project page +at http://us1.samba.org/samba/Linux_CIFS_client.html) +and change directory into the top of the kernel directory +then patch the kernel (e.g. "patch -p1 < cifs_24.patch") +to add the cifs vfs to your kernel configure options if +it has not already been added (e.g. current SuSE and UL +users do not need to apply the cifs_24.patch since the cifs vfs is +already in the kernel configure menu) and then +mkdir linux/fs/cifs and then copy the current cifs vfs files from +the cifs download to your kernel build directory e.g. + + cp <cifs_download_dir>/fs/cifs/* to <kernel_download_dir>/fs/cifs + +2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig) +3) select cifs from within the network filesystem choices +4) save and exit +5) make dep +6) make modules (or "make" if CIFS VFS not to be built as a module) + +For Linux 2.6: +1) Download the kernel (e.g. from http://www.kernel.org or from bitkeeper +at bk://linux.bkbits.net/linux-2.5) and change directory into the top +of the kernel directory tree (e.g. /usr/src/linux-2.5.73) +2) make menuconfig (or make xconfig) +3) select cifs from within the network filesystem choices +4) save and exit +5) make + + +Installation instructions: +========================= +If you have built the CIFS vfs as module (successfully) simply +type "make modules_install" (or if you prefer, manually copy the file to +the modules directory e.g. /lib/modules/2.4.10-4GB/kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.o). + +If you have built the CIFS vfs into the kernel itself, follow the instructions +for your distribution on how to install a new kernel (usually you +would simply type "make install"). + +If you do not have the utility mount.cifs (in the Samba 3.0 source tree and on +the CIFS VFS web site) copy it to the same directory in which mount.smbfs and +similar files reside (usually /sbin). Although the helper software is not +required, mount.cifs is recommended. Eventually the Samba 3.0 utility program +"net" may also be helpful since it may someday provide easier mount syntax for +users who are used to Windows e.g. net use <mount point> <UNC name or cifs URL> +Note that running the Winbind pam/nss module (logon service) on all of your +Linux clients is useful in mapping Uids and Gids consistently across the +domain to the proper network user. The mount.cifs mount helper can be +trivially built from Samba 3.0 or later source e.g. by executing: + + gcc samba/source/client/mount.cifs.c -o mount.cifs + +If cifs is built as a module, then the size and number of network buffers +and maximum number of simultaneous requests to one server can be configured. +Changing these from their defaults is not recommended. By executing modinfo + modinfo kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko +on kernel/fs/cifs/cifs.ko the list of configuration changes that can be made +at module initialization time (by running insmod cifs.ko) can be seen. + +Allowing User Mounts +==================== +To permit users to mount and unmount over directories they own is possible +with the cifs vfs. A way to enable such mounting is to mark the mount.cifs +utility as suid (e.g. "chmod +s /sbin/mount/cifs). To enable users to +umount shares they mount requires +1) mount.cifs version 1.4 or later +2) an entry for the share in /etc/fstab indicating that a user may +unmount it e.g. +//server/usersharename /mnt/username cifs user 0 0 + +Note that when the mount.cifs utility is run suid (allowing user mounts), +in order to reduce risks, the "nosuid" mount flag is passed in on mount to +disallow execution of an suid program mounted on the remote target. +When mount is executed as root, nosuid is not passed in by default, +and execution of suid programs on the remote target would be enabled +by default. This can be changed, as with nfs and other filesystems, +by simply specifying "nosuid" among the mount options. For user mounts +though to be able to pass the suid flag to mount requires rebuilding +mount.cifs with the following flag: + + gcc samba/source/client/mount.cifs.c -DCIFS_ALLOW_USR_SUID -o mount.cifs + +There is a corresponding manual page for cifs mounting in the Samba 3.0 and +later source tree in docs/manpages/mount.cifs.8 + +Samba Considerations +==================== +To get the maximum benefit from the CIFS VFS, we recommend using a server that +supports the SNIA CIFS Unix Extensions standard (e.g. Samba 2.2.5 or later or +Samba 3.0) but the CIFS vfs works fine with a wide variety of CIFS servers. +Note that uid, gid and file permissions will display default values if you do +not have a server that supports the Unix extensions for CIFS (such as Samba +2.2.5 or later). To enable the Unix CIFS Extensions in the Samba server, add +the line: + + unix extensions = yes + +to your smb.conf file on the server. Note that the following smb.conf settings +are also useful (on the Samba server) when the majority of clients are Unix or +Linux: + + case sensitive = yes + delete readonly = yes + ea support = yes + +Note that server ea support is required for supporting xattrs from the Linux +cifs client, and that EA support is present in later versions of Samba (e.g. +3.0.6 and later (also EA support works in all versions of Windows, at least to +shares on NTFS filesystems). Extended Attribute (xattr) support is an optional +feature of most Linux filesystems which may require enabling via +make menuconfig. Client support for extended attributes (user xattr) can be +disabled on a per-mount basis by specifying "nouser_xattr" on mount. + +The CIFS client can get and set POSIX ACLs (getfacl, setfacl) to Samba servers +version 3.10 and later. Setting POSIX ACLs requires enabling both XATTR and +then POSIX support in the CIFS configuration options when building the cifs +module. POSIX ACL support can be disabled on a per mount basic by specifying +"noacl" on mount. + +Some administrators may want to change Samba's smb.conf "map archive" and +"create mask" parameters from the default. Unless the create mask is changed +newly created files can end up with an unnecessarily restrictive default mode, +which may not be what you want, although if the CIFS Unix extensions are +enabled on the server and client, subsequent setattr calls (e.g. chmod) can +fix the mode. Note that creating special devices (mknod) remotely +may require specifying a mkdev function to Samba if you are not using +Samba 3.0.6 or later. For more information on these see the manual pages +("man smb.conf") on the Samba server system. Note that the cifs vfs, +unlike the smbfs vfs, does not read the smb.conf on the client system +(the few optional settings are passed in on mount via -o parameters instead). +Note that Samba 2.2.7 or later includes a fix that allows the CIFS VFS to delete +open files (required for strict POSIX compliance). Windows Servers already +supported this feature. Samba server does not allow symlinks that refer to files +outside of the share, so in Samba versions prior to 3.0.6, most symlinks to +files with absolute paths (ie beginning with slash) such as: + ln -s /mnt/foo bar +would be forbidden. Samba 3.0.6 server or later includes the ability to create +such symlinks safely by converting unsafe symlinks (ie symlinks to server +files that are outside of the share) to a samba specific format on the server +that is ignored by local server applications and non-cifs clients and that will +not be traversed by the Samba server). This is opaque to the Linux client +application using the cifs vfs. Absolute symlinks will work to Samba 3.0.5 or +later, but only for remote clients using the CIFS Unix extensions, and will +be invisbile to Windows clients and typically will not affect local +applications running on the same server as Samba. + +Use instructions: +================ +Once the CIFS VFS support is built into the kernel or installed as a module +(cifs.o), you can use mount syntax like the following to access Samba or Windows +servers: + + mount -t cifs //9.53.216.11/e$ /mnt -o user=myname,pass=mypassword + +Before -o the option -v may be specified to make the mount.cifs +mount helper display the mount steps more verbosely. +After -o the following commonly used cifs vfs specific options +are supported: + + user=<username> + pass=<password> + domain=<domain name> + +Other cifs mount options are described below. Use of TCP names (in addition to +ip addresses) is available if the mount helper (mount.cifs) is installed. If +you do not trust the server to which are mounted, or if you do not have +cifs signing enabled (and the physical network is insecure), consider use +of the standard mount options "noexec" and "nosuid" to reduce the risk of +running an altered binary on your local system (downloaded from a hostile server +or altered by a hostile router). + +Although mounting using format corresponding to the CIFS URL specification is +not possible in mount.cifs yet, it is possible to use an alternate format +for the server and sharename (which is somewhat similar to NFS style mount +syntax) instead of the more widely used UNC format (i.e. \\server\share): + mount -t cifs tcp_name_of_server:share_name /mnt -o user=myname,pass=mypasswd + +When using the mount helper mount.cifs, passwords may be specified via alternate +mechanisms, instead of specifying it after -o using the normal "pass=" syntax +on the command line: +1) By including it in a credential file. Specify credentials=filename as one +of the mount options. Credential files contain two lines + username=someuser + password=your_password +2) By specifying the password in the PASSWD environment variable (similarly +the user name can be taken from the USER environment variable). +3) By specifying the password in a file by name via PASSWD_FILE +4) By specifying the password in a file by file descriptor via PASSWD_FD + +If no password is provided, mount.cifs will prompt for password entry + +Restrictions +============ +Servers must support the NTLM SMB dialect (which is the most recent, supported +by Samba and Windows NT version 4, 2000 and XP and many other SMB/CIFS servers) +Servers must support either "pure-TCP" (port 445 TCP/IP CIFS connections) or RFC +1001/1002 support for "Netbios-Over-TCP/IP." Neither of these is likely to be a +problem as most servers support this. IPv6 support is planned for the future, +and is almost complete. + +Valid filenames differ between Windows and Linux. Windows typically restricts +filenames which contain certain reserved characters (e.g.the character : +which is used to delimit the beginning of a stream name by Windows), while +Linux allows a slightly wider set of valid characters in filenames. Windows +servers can remap such characters when an explicit mapping is specified in +the Server's registry. Samba starting with version 3.10 will allow such +filenames (ie those which contain valid Linux characters, which normally +would be forbidden for Windows/CIFS semantics) as long as the server is +configured for Unix Extensions (and the client has not disabled +/proc/fs/cifs/LinuxExtensionsEnabled). + + +CIFS VFS Mount Options +====================== +A partial list of the supported mount options follows: + user The user name to use when trying to establish + the CIFS session. + password The user password. If the mount helper is + installed, the user will be prompted for password + if it is not supplied. + ip The ip address of the target server + unc The target server Universal Network Name (export) to + mount. + domain Set the SMB/CIFS workgroup name prepended to the + username during CIFS session establishment + uid If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server + this overrides the default uid for inodes. For mounts to + servers which do support the CIFS Unix extensions, such + as a properly configured Samba server, the server provides + the uid, gid and mode. For servers which do not support + the Unix extensions, the default uid (and gid) returned on + lookup of existing files is the uid (gid) of the person + who executed the mount (root, except when mount.cifs + is configured setuid for user mounts) unless the "uid=" + (gid) mount option is specified. For the uid (gid) of newly + created files and directories, ie files created since + the last mount of the server share, the expected uid + (gid) is cached as as long as the inode remains in + memory on the client. Also note that permission + checks (authorization checks) on accesses to a file occur + at the server, but there are cases in which an administrator + may want to restrict at the client as well. For those + servers which do not report a uid/gid owner + (such as Windows), permissions can also be checked at the + client, and a crude form of client side permission checking + can be enabled by specifying file_mode and dir_mode on + the client + gid If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server + this overrides the default gid for inodes. + file_mode If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server + this overrides the default mode for file inodes. + dir_mode If CIFS Unix extensions are not supported by the server + this overrides the default mode for directory inodes. + port attempt to contact the server on this tcp port, before + trying the usual ports (port 445, then 139). + iocharset Codepage used to convert local path names to and from + Unicode. Unicode is used by default for network path + names if the server supports it. If iocharset is + not specified then the nls_default specified + during the local client kernel build will be used. + If server does not support Unicode, this parameter is + unused. + rsize default read size + wsize default write size + rw mount the network share read-write (note that the + server may still consider the share read-only) + ro mount network share read-only + version used to distinguish different versions of the + mount helper utility (not typically needed) + sep if first mount option (after the -o), overrides + the comma as the separator between the mount + parms. e.g. + -o user=myname,password=mypassword,domain=mydom + could be passed instead with period as the separator by + -o sep=.user=myname.password=mypassword.domain=mydom + this might be useful when comma is contained within username + or password or domain. This option is less important + when the cifs mount helper cifs.mount (version 1.1 or later) + is used. + nosuid Do not allow remote executables with the suid bit + program to be executed. This is only meaningful for mounts + to servers such as Samba which support the CIFS Unix Extensions. + If you do not trust the servers in your network (your mount + targets) it is recommended that you specify this option for + greater security. + exec Permit execution of binaries on the mount. + noexec Do not permit execution of binaries on the mount. + dev Recognize block devices on the remote mount. + nodev Do not recognize devices on the remote mount. + suid Allow remote files on this mountpoint with suid enabled to + be executed (default for mounts when executed as root, + nosuid is default for user mounts). + credentials Although ignored by the cifs kernel component, it is used by + the mount helper, mount.cifs. When mount.cifs is installed it + opens and reads the credential file specified in order + to obtain the userid and password arguments which are passed to + the cifs vfs. + guest Although ignored by the kernel component, the mount.cifs + mount helper will not prompt the user for a password + if guest is specified on the mount options. If no + password is specified a null password will be used. + perm Client does permission checks (vfs_permission check of uid + and gid of the file against the mode and desired operation), + Note that this is in addition to the normal ACL check on the + target machine done by the server software. + Client permission checking is enabled by default. + noperm Client does not do permission checks. This can expose + files on this mount to access by other users on the local + client system. It is typically only needed when the server + supports the CIFS Unix Extensions but the UIDs/GIDs on the + client and server system do not match closely enough to allow + access by the user doing the mount. + Note that this does not affect the normal ACL check on the + target machine done by the server software (of the server + ACL against the user name provided at mount time). + serverino Use servers inode numbers instead of generating automatically + incrementing inode numbers on the client. Although this will + make it easier to spot hardlinked files (as they will have + the same inode numbers) and inode numbers may be persistent, + note that the server does not guarantee that the inode numbers + are unique if multiple server side mounts are exported under a + single share (since inode numbers on the servers might not + be unique if multiple filesystems are mounted under the same + shared higher level directory). Note that this requires that + the server support the CIFS Unix Extensions as other servers + do not return a unique IndexNumber on SMB FindFirst (most + servers return zero as the IndexNumber). Parameter has no + effect to Windows servers and others which do not support the + CIFS Unix Extensions. + noserverino Client generates inode numbers (rather than using the actual one + from the server) by default. + setuids If the CIFS Unix extensions are negotiated with the server + the client will attempt to set the effective uid and gid of + the local process on newly created files, directories, and + devices (create, mkdir, mknod). + nosetuids The client will not attempt to set the uid and gid on + on newly created files, directories, and devices (create, + mkdir, mknod) which will result in the server setting the + uid and gid to the default (usually the server uid of the + usern who mounted the share). Letting the server (rather than + the client) set the uid and gid is the default. This + parameter has no effect if the CIFS Unix Extensions are not + negotiated. + netbiosname When mounting to servers via port 139, specifies the RFC1001 + source name to use to represent the client netbios machine + name when doing the RFC1001 netbios session initialize. + direct Do not do inode data caching on files opened on this mount. + This precludes mmaping files on this mount. In some cases + with fast networks and little or no caching benefits on the + client (e.g. when the application is doing large sequential + reads bigger than page size without rereading the same data) + this can provide better performance than the default + behavior which caches reads (reaadahead) and writes + (writebehind) through the local Linux client pagecache + if oplock (caching token) is granted and held. Note that + direct allows write operations larger than page size + to be sent to the server. + acl Allow setfacl and getfacl to manage posix ACLs if server + supports them. (default) + noacl Do not allow setfacl and getfacl calls on this mount + user_xattr Allow getting and setting user xattrs as OS/2 EAs (extended + attributes) to the server (default) e.g. via setfattr + and getfattr utilities. + nouser_xattr Do not allow getfattr/setfattr to get/set xattrs + +The mount.cifs mount helper also accepts a few mount options before -o +including: + + -S take password from stdin (equivalent to setting the environment + variable "PASSWD_FD=0" + -V print mount.cifs version + -? display simple usage information + +With recent 2.6 kernel versions of modutils, the version of the cifs kernel +module can be displayed via modinfo. + +Misc /proc/fs/cifs Flags and Debug Info +======================================= +Informational pseudo-files: +DebugData Displays information about active CIFS sessions + and shares. +Stats Lists summary resource usage information as well as per + share statistics, if CONFIG_CIFS_STATS in enabled + in the kernel configuration. + +Configuration pseudo-files: +MultiuserMount If set to one, more than one CIFS session to + the same server ip address can be established + if more than one uid accesses the same mount + point and if the uids user/password mapping + information is available. (default is 0) +PacketSigningEnabled If set to one, cifs packet signing is enabled + and will be used if the server requires + it. If set to two, cifs packet signing is + required even if the server considers packet + signing optional. (default 1) +cifsFYI If set to one, additional debug information is + logged to the system error log. (default 0) +ExtendedSecurity If set to one, SPNEGO session establishment + is allowed which enables more advanced + secure CIFS session establishment (default 0) +NTLMV2Enabled If set to one, more secure password hashes + are used when the server supports them and + when kerberos is not negotiated (default 0) +traceSMB If set to one, debug information is logged to the + system error log with the start of smb requests + and responses (default 0) +LookupCacheEnable If set to one, inode information is kept cached + for one second improving performance of lookups + (default 1) +OplockEnabled If set to one, safe distributed caching enabled. + (default 1) +LinuxExtensionsEnabled If set to one then the client will attempt to + use the CIFS "UNIX" extensions which are optional + protocol enhancements that allow CIFS servers + to return accurate UID/GID information as well + as support symbolic links. If you use servers + such as Samba that support the CIFS Unix + extensions but do not want to use symbolic link + support and want to map the uid and gid fields + to values supplied at mount (rather than the + actual values, then set this to zero. (default 1) + +These experimental features and tracing can be enabled by changing flags in +/proc/fs/cifs (after the cifs module has been installed or built into the +kernel, e.g. insmod cifs). To enable a feature set it to 1 e.g. to enable +tracing to the kernel message log type: + + echo 1 > /proc/fs/cifs/cifsFYI + +and for more extensive tracing including the start of smb requests and responses + + echo 1 > /proc/fs/cifs/traceSMB + +Two other experimental features are under development and to test +require enabling CONFIG_CIFS_EXPERIMENTAL + + More efficient write operations and SMB buffer handling + + DNOTIFY fcntl: needed for support of directory change + notification and perhaps later for file leases) + +Per share (per client mount) statistics are available in /proc/fs/cifs/Stats +if the kernel was configured with cifs statistics enabled. The statistics +represent the number of successful (ie non-zero return code from the server) +SMB responses to some of the more common commands (open, delete, mkdir etc.). +Also recorded is the total bytes read and bytes written to the server for +that share. Note that due to client caching effects this can be less than the +number of bytes read and written by the application running on the client. +The statistics for the number of total SMBs and oplock breaks are different in +that they represent all for that share, not just those for which the server +returned success. + +Also note that "cat /proc/fs/cifs/DebugData" will display information about +the active sessions and the shares that are mounted. Note: NTLMv2 enablement +will not work since they its implementation is not quite complete yet. +Do not alter these configuration values unless you are doing specific testing. +Enabling extended security works to Windows 2000 Workstations and XP but not to +Windows 2000 server or Samba since it does not usually send "raw NTLMSSP" +(instead it sends NTLMSSP encapsulated in SPNEGO/GSSAPI, which support is not +complete in the CIFS VFS yet). |