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path: root/drivers/media/video/v4l2-common.c
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2008-12-30V4L/DVB (9899): v4l2: Add missing control namesLaurent Pinchart
Update v4l2_ctrl_get_name() and v4l2_ctrl_get_menu() with missing control names and menu values. Signed-off-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@skynet.be> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-12-30V4L/DVB (9821): v4l2-common: add i2c helper functionsHans Verkuil
Add helper functions to load i2c sub-devices, integrating them into the v4l2-framework. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-12-29V4L/DVB (9491): rationalise addresses to one common oneAlan Cox
Signed-off-by: Alan Cox <alan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-17remove CONFIG_KMOD from driversJohannes Berg
Straight forward conversions to CONFIG_MODULE; many drivers include <linux/kmod.h> conditionally and then don't have any other conditional code so remove it from those. Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Cc: video4linux-list@redhat.com Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: linux-ppp@vger.kernel.org Cc: dm-devel@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8649): v4l2: add AAC bitrate controlHans Verkuil
If you can select AAC as audio encoder, then you should also be able to set the bitrate. Add this missing control. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8639): saa6752hs: cleanup and add AC-3 supportHans Verkuil
Cleaned up the saa6752hs i2c driver. Add AC-3 support. Add VIDIOC_CHIP_IDENT support. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8637): v4l2: add v4l2_ctrl_query_menu_valid_items support functionHans Verkuil
v4l2_ctrl_query_menu_valid_items() makes it easy to handle control menus that have a lot of invalid 'holes'. For example, many MPEG encoders only support a limited subset of audio bitrates. In that case a driver can specify an array listing the set of valid bitrates and pass that to this function. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8636): v4l2: add v4l2_ctrl_get_name control support function.Hans Verkuil
Add function that returns the control name. Allows this to be used in places where the normal v4l2_ctrl_query_fill() function cannot be used (e.g. uvc). Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8635): v4l: add AC-3 audio support to the MPEG Encoding APIHans Verkuil
Some models of the saa6752hs support AC-3. Extend the API with the necessary controls for AC-3. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-10-12V4L/DVB (8634): v4l2: extend MPEG Encoding API with AVC and AACJanne Grunau
Adds Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) and MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC/H.264) as audio/video codecs to the extended controls API. Updates cx2341x driver to the new values. Signed-off-by: Janne Grunau <j@jannau.net> Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
2008-07-26V4L/DVB (8487): videodev: replace videodev.h includes by videodev2.h where ↵Hans Verkuil
possible Several V4L2 drivers still included videodev.h. Fix this. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-04-29i2c: Add support for device alias namesJean Delvare
Based on earlier work by Jon Smirl and Jochen Friedrich. This patch allows new-style i2c chip drivers to have alias names using the official kernel aliasing system and MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(). At this point, the old i2c driver binding scheme (driver_name/type) is still supported. Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> Cc: Jochen Friedrich <jochen@scram.de> Cc: Jon Smirl <jonsmirl@gmail.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
2008-04-28media: fix integer as NULL pointer warningsHarvey Harrison
drivers/media/video/v4l2-common.c:719:16: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/au0828/au0828-dvb.c:122:19: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/ivtv/ivtv-yuv.c:1101:22: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/ivtv/ivtv-yuv.c:1102:23: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-audio.c:78:39: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-video-v4l.c:84:39: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-v4l2.c:1264:9: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-context.c:197:28: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-cx2584x-v4l.c:126:39: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-dvb.c:133:32: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-dvb.c:145:31: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/pvrusb2/pvrusb2-dvb.c:177:55: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer drivers/media/video/videobuf-core.c:100:9: warning: Using plain integer as NULL pointer Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-18V4L/DVB (7133): Fix Kconfig dependenciesMauro Carvalho Chehab
As pointed by Adrian Bunk, with I2C=m and VIDEO_DEV=y, videodev brokes. This patch moves the functions that videodev needs from v4l2-common. It also fixes some Kconfig changes. After this patch, I2C=m / VIDEO_DEV=y will make v4l2 core statically linked into kernel. v4l2-common will be m, and all V4L drivers will also be m. This approach is very conservative, since it is possible to have V4L drivers that don't need I2C or v4l2-common. The better is to map what drivers really need v4l2-common, making them to select v4l2-common, and allowing the others to be 'y', 'm' and 'n'. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-02-18V4L/DVB (7119): Remove obsolete code from v4l2-commonMauro Carvalho Chehab
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-02-18V4L/DVB (7115): Fix bug #9833: regression when compiling V4L without I2CMauro Carvalho Chehab
Adrian Bunk reported: > > Commit 8ffbc6559493c64d6194c92d856196fdaeb8a5fb causes the following > > compile error with CONFIG_VIDEO_DEV=y/m, CONFIG_I2C=n: > > > > <-- snip --> > > > > ... > > MODPOST 26 modules > > ERROR: "i2c_attach_client" [drivers/media/video/v4l2-common.ko] undefined! > > make[2]: *** [__modpost] Error 1 > > > > <-- snip --> ... And what should happen if CONFIG_VIDEO_DEV=y, CONFIG_I2C=m? CC: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-01-25V4L/DVB (6467): v4l2-common: minor cleanupsHans Verkuil
Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-01-25V4L/DVB (6465): Use correct error codes when chip is not recognizedHans Verkuil
If the chip isn't recognized, then the correct errors should be returned. The v4l2_i2c_attach() utility function will return 0 for all errors except -ENOMEM to provide proper compatibility support for the old I2C probing function. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-01-25V4L/DVB (6451): v4l2: add support for bus-based I2C driversHans Verkuil
Two new headers were added: one for I2C drivers that are only used by V4L2 drivers converted to the new bus-based I2C API, and one that can be used by both converted and unconverted drivers (at the expense of some additional overhead). To support the legacy I2C API a helper function was added to v4l2-common.c. These headers take care of all the 'boilerplate' code that all V4L2 I2C drivers have in common and will automatically support the bus-based I2C API introduced in kernel 2.6.22. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2008-01-25V4L/DVB (6384): Replace TDA9887_SET_CONFIG by TUNER_SET_CONFIGMauro Carvalho Chehab
Currently, the only tuner-specific device that allows special configurations is tda9887. However, tea5767 also may require some special configurations (for example, to specify a different Xtal freq). This patch replaces TDA9887_SET_CONFIG by a more generic internal ioctl (TUNER_SET_CONFIG). The newer one allows specifying what tuner is appliable to a configuration set, and allows an arbitrary configuration struct. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-10-22V4L/DVB (6321): Remove obsolete VIDIOC_S/G_MPEGCOMP ioctlsHans Verkuil
Remove the obsolete VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP and VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP ioctls from the V4L2 API as per the removal schedule (October 2007). Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-10-19Convert files to UTF-8 and some cleanupsJan Engelhardt
* Convert files to UTF-8. * Also correct some people's names (one example is Eißfeldt, which was found in a source file. Given that the author used an ß at all in a source file indicates that the real name has in fact a 'ß' and not an 'ss', which is commonly used as a substitute for 'ß' when limited to 7bit.) * Correct town names (Goettingen -> Göttingen) * Update Eberhard Mönkeberg's address (http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/1/8/313) Signed-off-by: Jan Engelhardt <jengelh@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
2007-10-10V4L/DVB (6289): Remove reference to dead CONFIG_UST and ust.h headerRobert P. J. Day
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-10-09V4L/DVB (6088): cx2341x: some controls can't be changed while the device is busyHans Verkuil
The driver should now pass the 'busy' state of the device to the cx2341x module whenever controls are set or tried. -EBUSY will be returned if the device is busy and the user attempts to modify certain 'dangerous' controls. It concerns controls that change the audio or video compression mode and bitrates. The cx88-blackbird and pvrusb2 drivers currently always pass '0' (not busy) to the cx2341x, effectively keeping the old behavior for now. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-07-20V4L/DVB (5869): Add check for valid control ID to v4l2_ctrl_next.Hans Verkuil
If v4l2_ctrl_next is called without the V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL then it should check whether the passed control ID is valid and return 0 if it isn't. Otherwise a for-loop over the control IDs will never end. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-05-08header cleaning: don't include smp_lock.h when not usedRandy Dunlap
Remove includes of <linux/smp_lock.h> where it is not used/needed. Suggested by Al Viro. Builds cleanly on x86_64, i386, alpha, ia64, powerpc, sparc, sparc64, and arm (all 59 defconfigs). Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-04-27V4L/DVB (5306): Add support for VIDIOC_G_CHIP_IDENTHans Verkuil
VIDIOC_G_CHIP_IDENT improves debugging of card problems: it can be used to detect which chips are on the board and based on that information selected register dumps can be made, making it easy to debug complicated media chips containing tens or hundreds of registers. This ioctl replaces the internal VIDIOC_INT_G_CHIP_IDENT ioctl. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-04-27V4L/DVB (5290): Add support for VIDIOC_INT_G/S_STD_OUTPUTHans Verkuil
Added VIDIOC_INT_G_STD_OUTPUT and VIDIOC_INT_S_STD_OUTPUT to allow drivers to set the TV standard for video output separately from the video capture. This is needed for cx23415 support where the decoder is separate from the encoder and can have a different TV standard. Modified the saa7127 module to listen to VIDIOC_INT_G/S_STD_OUTPUT instead of VIDIOC_G/S_STD. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-04-27V4L/DVB (5289): Add support for video output overlays.Hans Verkuil
Add V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT_OVERLAY support. Also add support for local and global alpha overlays. Add new field enums V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED_TB and V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED_BT. These changes are needed to support the ivtv On Screen Display features. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-04-27V4L/DVB (5268): Add support for three new MPEG controls.Hans Verkuil
Added V4L2_CID_MPEG_AUDIO_MUTE, V4L2_CID_MPEG_VIDEO_MUTE and V4L2_CID_MPEG_CX2341X_STREAM_INSERT_NAV_PACKETS controls together with their implementation in the cx2341x module. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-03-01V4L/DVB (5305): Mark VIDIOC_DBG_S/G_REGISTER as experimentalHans Verkuil
Move VIDIOC_DBG_S/G_REGISTER from the internal ioctl list to the public ioctls, but mark it as experimental for now. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-03-01V4L/DVB (5271): Add VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD and VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD ioctls.Hans Verkuil
Add support for starting, stopping, pausing and resuming an MPEG (or similar compressed stream) encoder. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-03-01V4L/DVB (5270): Add VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX ioctlHans Verkuil
The VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX ioctl can obtain the MPEG index from an MPEG encoder. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-03-01V4L/DVB (5304): Improve chip matching in v4l2_registerHans Verkuil
The chip matching in struct v4l2_register for VIDIOC_DBG_G/S_REGISTER was rather primitive. It could not be extended to other busses besides i2c and it lacked a way to. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-02-21V4L/DVB (5200): V4l_printk_ioctl_arg() is no longer used.Adrian Bunk
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-02-21V4L/DVB (5162): Change VIDIOC_DBG_[SG]_REGISTER ioctls' reg address to 64 bitsTrent Piepho
Maybe someday there will be a device with a register address space > 32-bits, or maybe an i2c device which uses a protocol > 4 bytes long to address its registers. Signed-off-by: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-02-21V4L/DVB (5146): Make VIDIOC_INT_[SG]_REGISTER ioctls no longer internal onlyTrent Piepho
The direct register access ioctls were defined as kernel internal only, but they are very useful for debugging hardware from userspace and are used as such. Officially export them. VIDIOC_INT_[SG]_REGISTER is renamed to VIDIOC_DBG_[SG]_REGISTER Definition of ioctl and struct v4l2_register is moved from v4l2-common.h to videodev2.h. Types used in struct v4l2_register are changed to the userspace exportable versions (u32 -> __u32, etc). Use of VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN permission, so move the check into the video_ioctl2() dispatcher so it doesn't need to be duplicated in each driver's call-back function. CAP_SYS_ADMIN check is added to pvrusb2 (which doesn't use video_ioctl2). Signed-off-by: Trent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-02-21V4L/DVB (5068): Fix authorship referencesMauro Carvalho Chehab
Bill Dirks asked me to update his entries at kernel files, since he change his e-mail. I've also updated a few web broken links or obsolete info to the curent sites where V4L drivers and API are being discussed currently. CC: Bill Dirks <bill@thedirks.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2007-02-14[PATCH] remove many unneeded #includes of sched.hTim Schmielau
After Al Viro (finally) succeeded in removing the sched.h #include in module.h recently, it makes sense again to remove other superfluous sched.h includes. There are quite a lot of files which include it but don't actually need anything defined in there. Presumably these includes were once needed for macros that used to live in sched.h, but moved to other header files in the course of cleaning it up. To ease the pain, this time I did not fiddle with any header files and only removed #includes from .c-files, which tend to cause less trouble. Compile tested against 2.6.20-rc2 and 2.6.20-rc2-mm2 (with offsets) on alpha, arm, i386, ia64, mips, powerpc, and x86_64 with allnoconfig, defconfig, allmodconfig, and allyesconfig as well as a few randconfigs on x86_64 and all configs in arch/arm/configs on arm. I also checked that no new warnings were introduced by the patch (actually, some warnings are removed that were emitted by unnecessarily included header files). Signed-off-by: Tim Schmielau <tim@physik3.uni-rostock.de> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-01-15V4L/DVB (5023): Fix compilation on ppc32 architectureMauro Carvalho Chehab
There's a problem, pointed by Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>, that, on ppc32 arch, with some gcc versions (noticed with prerelease 4.1.2 20061115), compilation fails, due the lack of __ucmpdi2 to do the required 64-bit comparision. This patch takes some sugestions made by Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>, Stelian Pop <stelian@popies.net> and Segher Boessenkool <segher@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-12-10V4L/DVB (4861): Remove the need of a STD array for drivers using video_ioctl2Mauro Carvalho Chehab
video_ioctl2 will auto-generate standard entries at ENUM_FMT. Also, now, a driver may return a subset of the video array at the return, to be stored as the current_norm. For example, a driver may ask for V4L2_STD_PAL. At return, driver may change it to V4L2_STD_PAL_B. This way, a futher call to G_STD will return the exact detected video std. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-12-10V4L/DVB (4829): v4l2_type_names table is incompleteMauro Carvalho Chehab
Sliced VBI types are missing at the tables. Fixing it. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-09-26V4L/DVB (4546): Add u32 argument to VIDIOC_INT_RESET.Hans Verkuil
The extra argument makes it possible to reset subsystems of a chip if that is supported. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-08-08V4L/DVB (4399): Fix a typo that caused some compat stuff to not workMauro Carvalho Chehab
Config option typo: -#ifdef CONFIG_V4L1_COMPAT +#ifdef CONFIG_VIDEO_V4L1_COMPAT Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-07-29V4L/DVB (4343): Fix for compilation without V4L1 or V4L1_COMPATMauro Carvalho Chehab
Removed usage of HAVE_V4L1 Including videodev.h will just include videodev2.h if V4L1 is not supported V4L1 code at core drivers will honor CONFIG_V4L1_COMPAT stuff Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-30Remove obsolete #include <linux/config.h>Jörn Engel
Signed-off-by: Jörn Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
2006-06-27V4L/DVB (4253): IVTV VBI format description too long.Hans Verkuil
Format description was cut off. It's been shortened. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-26V4L/DVB (4223): Add V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT controlHans Verkuil
V4L2_CID_MPEG_STREAM_VBI_FMT controls if and how VBI data is embedded in an MPEG stream. Currently only one format is supported: the format designed for the ivtv driver. This should be extended with new standard formats (such as defined for DVB) in the future. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-25V4L/DVB (4190): Add helper functions for control processing to v4l2-common.Hans Verkuil
Control processing is often duplicated in the various drivers. Unfortunately, simple things like the names of controls are often different between drivers, even though it is the same controls. Adding in the new extended controls and the need for having control helper functions became apparent. Several functions have now been added to v4l2-common to do things like filling the v4l2_queryctrl and v4l2_querymenu structs, to check for valid control input and to move to the next control when enumerating over all controls. Signed-off-by: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil@xs4all.nl> Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
2006-06-25V4L/DVB (4148): Fix userbits debug printsMauro Carvalho Chehab
Previously, it were showing the pointer value, instead of the setted bits. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>