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Currently, the freezer treats all tasks as freezable, except for the kernel
threads that explicitly set the PF_NOFREEZE flag for themselves. This
approach is problematic, since it requires every kernel thread to either
set PF_NOFREEZE explicitly, or call try_to_freeze(), even if it doesn't
care for the freezing of tasks at all.
It seems better to only require the kernel threads that want to or need to
be frozen to use some freezer-related code and to remove any
freezer-related code from the other (nonfreezable) kernel threads, which is
done in this patch.
The patch causes all kernel threads to be nonfreezable by default (ie. to
have PF_NOFREEZE set by default) and introduces the set_freezable()
function that should be called by the freezable kernel threads in order to
unset PF_NOFREEZE. It also makes all of the currently freezable kernel
threads call set_freezable(), so it shouldn't cause any (intentional)
change of behaviour to appear. Additionally, it updates documentation to
describe the freezing of tasks more accurately.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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prettify the prio_to_wmult[] array. (this could have saved us from the typos)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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document prio_to_wmult[].
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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improve the comments around the wmult array (which controls the weight
of niced tasks). Clarify that to achieve a 10% difference in CPU
utilization, a weight multiplier of 1.25 has to be used.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Roman Zippel noticed another inconsistency of the wmult table.
wmult[16] has a missing digit.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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fix show_task()/show_tasks() output:
- there's no sibling info anymore
- the fields were not aligned properly with the description
- get rid of the lazy-TLB output: it's been quite some time since
we last had a bug there, and when we had a bug it wasnt helped a
bit by this debug output.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Allow granularity up to 100 msecs, instead of 10 msecs.
(needed on larger boxes)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There's a typo in the values in prio_to_wmult[] for nice level 1. While
it did not cause bad CPU distribution, but caused more rescheduling
between nice-0 and nice-1 tasks than necessary.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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add credits for recent major scheduler contributions:
Con Kolivas, for pioneering the fair-scheduling approach
Peter Williams, for smpnice
Mike Galbraith, for interactivity tuning of CFS
Srivatsa Vaddagiri, for group scheduling enhancements
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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clean up the sleep_on() APIs:
- do not use fastcall
- replace fragile macro magic with proper inline functions
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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4 small style cleanups to sched.c: checkpatch.pl is now happy about
the totality of sched.c [ignoring false positives] - yay! ;-)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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remove unused rq types from sched.c, now that we switched
over to CFS.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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remove now unused interactivity-heuristics related defined and
types of the old scheduler.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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clean up include files in sched.c, they were still old-style <asm/>.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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make use of sched-clock-unstable events.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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track TSC-unstable events and propagate it to the scheduler code.
Also allow sched_clock() to be used when the TSC is unstable,
the rq_clock() wrapper creates a reliable clock out of it.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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apply the CFS core code.
this change switches over the scheduler core to CFS's modular
design and makes use of kernel/sched_fair/rt/idletask.c to implement
Linux's scheduling policies.
thanks to Andrew Morton and Thomas Gleixner for lots of detailed review
feedback and for fixlets.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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remove the sleep-bonus interactivity code from the core scheduler.
scheduling policy is implemented in the policy modules, and CFS does
not need such type of heuristics.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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remove the expired_starving() heuristics from the core scheduler.
CFS does not need it, and this did not really work well in practice
anyway, due to the rq->nr_running multiplier to STARVATION_LIMIT.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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remove the sleep_type heuristics from the core scheduler - scheduling
policy is implemented in the scheduling-policy modules. (and CFS does
not use this type of sleep-type heuristics)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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add the new load-calculation methods of CFS.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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clean up: move __normal_prio() in head of normal_prio().
no code changed.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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cleanup: move dequeue/enqueue_task() to a more logical place, to
not split up __normal_prio()/normal_prio().
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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move resched_task()/resched_cpu() into the 'public interfaces'
section of sched.c, for use by kernel/sched_fair/rt/idletask.c
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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clean up the rt priority macros, pointed out by Andrew Morton.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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add the set_task_cfs_rq() abstraction needed by CONFIG_FAIR_GROUP_SCHED.
(not activated yet)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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update the posix-cpu-timers code to use CFS's CPU accounting information.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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add rq_clock()/__rq_clock(), a robust wrapper around sched_clock(),
used by CFS. It protects against common type of sched_clock() problems
(caused by hardware): time warps forwards and backwards.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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add the CFS rq data types to sched.c.
(the old scheduler fields are still intact, they are removed
by a later patch)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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create sched_stats.h and move sched.c schedstats code into it.
This cleans up sched.c a bit.
no code changes are caused by this patch.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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add the init_idle_bootup_task() callback to the bootup thread,
unused at the moment. (CFS will use it to switch the scheduling
class of the boot thread to the idle class)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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remove sched_exit(): the elaborate dance of us trying to recover
timeslices given to child tasks never really worked.
CFS does not need it either.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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uninline set_task_cpu(): CFS will add more code to it.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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the SMP load-balancer uses the boot-time migration-cost estimation
code to attempt to improve the quality of balancing. The reason for
this code is that the discrete priority queues do not preserve
the order of scheduling accurately, so the load-balancer skips
tasks that were running on a CPU 'recently'.
this code is fundamental fragile: the boot-time migration cost detector
doesnt really work on systems that had large L3 caches, it caused boot
delays on large systems and the whole cache-hot concept made the
balancing code pretty undeterministic as well.
(and hey, i wrote most of it, so i can say it out loud that it sucks ;-)
under CFS the same purpose of cache affinity can be achieved without
any special cache-hot special-case: tasks are sorted in the 'timeline'
tree and the SMP balancer picks tasks from the left side of the
tree, thus the most cache-cold task is balanced automatically.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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enum idle_type (used by the load-balancer) clashes with the
SCHED_IDLE name that we want to introduce. 'CPU_IDLE' instead
of 'SCHED_IDLE' is more descriptive as well.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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The intervals of domains that do not have SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE must be
considered for the calculation of the time of the next balance. Otherwise
we may defer rebalancing forever.
Siddha also spotted that the conversion of the balance interval
to jiffies is missing. Fix that to.
From: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
also continue the loop if !(sd->flags & SD_LOAD_BALANCE).
Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It did in fact trigger under all three of mainline, CFS, and -rt including CFS
-- see below for a couple of emails from last Friday giving results for these
three on the AMD box (where it happened) and on a single-quad NUMA-Q system
(where it did not, at least not with such severity).
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Miklos Szeredi reported very long pauses (several seconds, sometimes
more) on his T60 (with a Core2Duo) which he managed to track down to
wait_task_inactive()'s open-coded busy-loop.
He observed that an interrupt on one core tries to acquire the
runqueue-lock but does not succeed in doing so for a very long time -
while wait_task_inactive() on the other core loops waiting for the first
core to deschedule a task (which it wont do while spinning in an
interrupt handler).
This rewrites wait_task_inactive() to do all its waiting optimistically
without any locks taken at all, and then just double-check the end
result with the proper runqueue lock held over just a very short
section. If there were races in the optimistic wait, of a preemption
event scheduled the process away, we simply re-synchronize, and start
over.
So the code now looks like this:
repeat:
/* Unlocked, optimistic looping! */
rq = task_rq(p);
while (task_running(rq, p))
cpu_relax();
/* Get the *real* values */
rq = task_rq_lock(p, &flags);
running = task_running(rq, p);
array = p->array;
task_rq_unlock(rq, &flags);
/* Check them.. */
if (unlikely(running)) {
cpu_relax();
goto repeat;
}
/* Preempted away? Yield if so.. */
if (unlikely(array)) {
yield();
goto repeat;
}
Basically, that first "while()" loop is done entirely without any
locking at all (and doesn't check for the case where the target process
might have been preempted away), and so it's possibly "incorrect", but
we don't really care. Both the runqueue used, and the "task_running()"
check might be the wrong tests, but they won't oops - they just mean
that we could possibly get the wrong results due to lack of locking and
exit the loop early in the case of a race condition.
So once we've exited the loop, we then get the proper (and careful) rq
lock, and check the running/runnable state _safely_. And if it turns
out that our quick-and-dirty and unsafe loop was wrong after all, we
just go back and try it all again.
(The patch also adds a lot of comments, which is the actual bulk of it
all, to make it more obvious why we can do these things without holding
the locks).
Thanks to Miklos for all the testing and tracking it down.
Tested-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Gene Heskett reported the following problem while testing CFS: SysRq-N
is not always effective in normalizing tasks back to SCHED_OTHER.
The reason for that turns out to be the following bug:
- normalize_rt_tasks() uses for_each_process() to iterate through all
tasks in the system. The problem is, this method does not iterate
through all tasks, it iterates through all thread groups.
The proper mechanism to enumerate over all threads is to use a
do_each_thread() + while_each_thread() loop.
Reported-by: Gene Heskett <gene.heskett@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The NOHZ patch contains a check for softirqs pending when a CPU goes idle.
The BUG is unrelated to NOHZ, it just was made visible by the NOHZ patch.
The BUG showed up mainly on P4 / hyperthreading enabled machines which lead
the investigations into the wrong direction in the first place. The real
cause is in cond_resched_softirq():
cond_resched_softirq() is enabling softirqs without invoking the softirq
daemon when softirqs are pending. This leads to the warning message in the
NOHZ idle code:
t1 runs softirq disabled code on CPU#0
interrupt happens, softirq is raised, but deferred (softirqs disabled)
t1 calls cond_resched_softirq()
enables softirqs via _local_bh_enable()
calls schedule()
t2 runs
t1 is migrated to CPU#1
t2 is done and invokes idle()
NOHZ detects the pending softirq
Fix: change _local_bh_enable() to local_bh_enable() so the softirq
daemon is invoked.
Thanks to Anant Nitya for debugging this with great patience !
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Since nonboot CPUs are now disabled after tasks and devices have been
frozen and the CPU hotplug infrastructure is used for this purpose, we need
special CPU hotplug notifications that will help the CPU-hotplug-aware
subsystems distinguish normal CPU hotplug events from CPU hotplug events
related to a system-wide suspend or resume operation in progress. This
patch introduces such notifications and causes them to be used during
suspend and resume transitions. It also changes all of the
CPU-hotplug-aware subsystems to take these notifications into consideration
(for now they are handled in the same way as the corresponding "normal"
ones).
[oleg@tv-sign.ru: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Eliminate lock_cpu_hotplug from kernel/sched.c and use sched_hotcpu_mutex
instead to postpone a hotplug event.
In the migration_call hotcpu callback function, take sched_hotcpu_mutex
while handling the event CPU_LOCK_ACQUIRE and release it while handling
CPU_LOCK_RELEASE event.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix deadlock]
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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task from the "expired" array'
Revert commit bd53f96ca54a21c07e7a0ae1886fa623d370b85f.
Con says:
This is no good, sorry. The one I saw originally was with the staircase
deadline cpu scheduler in situ and was different.
#define TASK_PREEMPTS_CURR(p, rq) \
((p)->prio < (rq)->curr->prio)
(((p)->prio < (rq)->curr->prio) && ((p)->array == (rq)->active))
This will fail to wake up a runqueue for a task that has been migrated to the
expired array of a runqueue which is otherwise idle which can happen with smp
balancing,
Cc: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Cc: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Align the per cpu runqueue to the cacheline boundary. This will minimize
the number of cachelines touched during remote wakeup.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Ravikiran G Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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from the "expired" array
- Make TASK_PREEMPTS_CURR(task, rq) return "true" only if the task's prio
is higher than the current's one and the task is in the "active" array.
This ensures we don't make redundant resched_task() calls when the task
is in the "expired" array (as may happen now in set_user_prio(),
rt_mutex_setprio() and pull_task() ) ;
- generalise conditions for a call to resched_task() in set_user_nice(),
rt_mutex_setprio() and sched_setscheduler()
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Adamushko <dmitry.adamushko@gmail.com>
Cc: Con Kolivas <kernel@kolivas.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When a logical cpu 'x' already has more than one process running, then most
likely the siblings of that cpu 'x' must be busy. Otherwise the idle
siblings would have likely(in most of the scenarios) picked up the extra
load making the load on 'x' atmost one.
Use this logic to eliminate the siblings status check and minimize the cache
misses encountered on a heavily loaded system.
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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I noticed expensive divides done in try_to_wakeup() and
find_busiest_group() on a bi dual core Opteron machine (total of 4 cores),
moderatly loaded (15.000 context switch per second)
oprofile numbers :
CPU: AMD64 processors, speed 2600.05 MHz (estimated)
Counted CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events (Cycles outside of halt state) with a unit
mask of 0x00 (No unit mask) count 50000
samples % symbol name
...
613914 1.0498 try_to_wake_up
834 0.0013 :ffffffff80227ae1: div %rcx
77513 0.1191 :ffffffff80227ae4: mov %rax,%r11
608893 1.0413 find_busiest_group
1841 0.0031 :ffffffff802260bf: div %rdi
140109 0.2394 :ffffffff802260c2: test %sil,%sil
Some of these divides can use the reciprocal divides we introduced some
time ago (currently used in slab AFAIK)
We can assume a load will fit in a 32bits number, because with a
SCHED_LOAD_SCALE=128 value, its still a theorical limit of 33554432
When/if we reach this limit one day, probably cpus will have a fast
hardware divide and we can zap the reciprocal divide trick.
Ingo suggested to rename cpu_power to __cpu_power to make clear it should
not be modified without changing its reciprocal value too.
I did not convert the divide in cpu_avg_load_per_task(), because tracking
nr_running changes may be not worth it ? We could use a static table of 32
reciprocal values but it would add a conditional branch and table lookup.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: !SMP build fix]
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix the process idle load balancing in the presence of dynticks. cpus for
which ticks are stopped will sleep till the next event wakes it up.
Potentially these sleeps can be for large durations and during which today,
there is no periodic idle load balancing being done.
This patch nominates an owner among the idle cpus, which does the idle load
balancing on behalf of the other idle cpus. And once all the cpus are
completely idle, then we can stop this idle load balancing too. Checks added
in fast path are minimized. Whenever there are busy cpus in the system, there
will be an owner(idle cpu) doing the system wide idle load balancing.
Open items:
1. Intelligent owner selection (like an idle core in a busy package).
2. Merge with rcu's nohz_cpu_mask?
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Periodic load balancing in recent kernels happen in the softirq. In
certain -rt configurations, these softirqs are handled in softirqd context.
And hence the check for idle processor was always returning busy (as
nr_running > 1).
This patch captures the idle information at the tick and passes this info
to softirq context through an element 'idle_at_tick' in rq.
[kernel@kolivas.org: Fix reverse idle at tick logic]
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add touch_all_softlockup_watchdogs() to allow the softlockup watchdog
timers on all cpus to be updated. This is used to prevent sysrq-t from
generating a spurious watchdog message when generating lots of output.
Softlockup watchdogs use sched_clock() as its timebase, which is inherently
per-cpu (at least, when it is measuring unstolen time). Because of this,
it isn't possible for one CPU to directly update the other CPU's timers,
but it is possible to tell the other CPUs to do update themselves
appropriately.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Acked-by: Chris Lalancette <clalance@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Cc: Rick Lindsley <ricklind@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The nr_cpu_ids value is currently only calculated in smp_init. However, it
may be needed before (SLUB needs it on kmem_cache_init!) and other kernel
components may also want to allocate dynamically sized per cpu array before
smp_init. So move the determination of possible cpus into sched_init()
where we already loop over all possible cpus early in boot.
Also initialize both nr_node_ids and nr_cpu_ids with the highest value they
could take. If we have accidental users before these values are determined
then the current valud of 0 may cause too small per cpu and per node arrays
to be allocated. If it is set to the maximum possible then we only waste
some memory for early boot users.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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